Fettstoffwechselstörung

Fettstoffwechselstörung, also known as dyslipidemia, is a medical condition characterized by abnormal levels of lipids in the blood. Lipids include cholesterol and triglycerides. These fats are essential for bodily functions, but elevated levels can increase the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

There are several types of Fettstoffwechselstörung. Hypercholesterolemia refers to high levels of cholesterol, particularly low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, often termed "bad" cholesterol. Hypertriglyceridemia involves high levels of triglycerides. Combined hyperlipidemia means both cholesterol and triglyceride levels are elevated. Conversely, low levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, often called "good" cholesterol, can also be part of a Fettstoffwechselstörung.

The causes of Fettstoffwechselstörung can be genetic, meaning it is inherited, or acquired. Acquired causes often include lifestyle factors such as a diet high in saturated and trans fats, lack of physical activity, obesity, and smoking. Certain medical conditions like diabetes mellitus, hypothyroidism, and kidney disease can also contribute.

Symptoms are often absent, which is why it's sometimes called a silent condition. The primary concern is the increased risk of atherosclerosis, the buildup of plaque in arteries, leading to heart attacks and strokes. Diagnosis is typically made through a blood test called a lipid panel, which measures cholesterol and triglyceride levels.

Treatment aims to reduce cardiovascular risk and often involves lifestyle modifications, including dietary changes, regular exercise, and weight management. In some cases, medication such as statins, fibrates, or niacin may be prescribed to lower lipid levels.