Fetichismo

Fetichismo is a term used in psychology and sexology to describe a sexual interest focused on objects, materials, or body parts that are not typically considered sexual. The term derives from the French fétichisme, and in clinical contexts it refers to arousal linked to a nonliving object or to a specific aspect of the body rather than to sexual activity with a partner alone. In everyday use, fetishistic interest can be present without causing distress or impairment, but when it leads to significant distress, impairment, or harm to others, it may be diagnosed as a fetishistic disorder.

Fetishistic interests can be categorized in several ways. Object fetishes involve nonliving items such as footwear, leather or rubber garments, or fabrics. Partialism refers to arousal linked to a specific body part, most commonly feet. Situational or activity fetishes involve particular sexual rituals or contexts. The expression of fetichismo varies widely across individuals and cultures, and many people incorporate their fetishes into consensual sexual relationships without distress.

Prevalence estimates vary, and data suggest that fetishistic interests are more commonly reported by men than women. The condition exists on a spectrum from atypical preferences to clinically significant disorders, depending on distress, duration (generally at least six months in diagnostic frameworks), and functional impact.

Etiology is not definitively known. Theories propose a mix of conditioning, development during adolescence, and neurobiological factors. Diagnosis relies on clinical evaluation of distress or impairment, or concerns about safety and consent. Treatments, when indicated, include psychotherapy (often cognitive-behavioral or behavioral approaches), sexual education, and, in some cases, pharmacological options to manage arousal or urges, always tailored to the individual and focusing on safety, consent, and well-being.