Felfekvések

Felfekvések, also known as pressure ulcers or bedsores, are injuries to the skin and underlying tissue resulting from prolonged pressure on the skin. They typically develop when an individual is unable to move for extended periods, such as in cases of immobility due to illness, injury, or disability. The constant pressure restricts blood flow to the affected area, leading to tissue damage and eventual breakdown.

Common locations for felfekvések include bony prominences where there is little padding between the skin and the bone, such as the heels, hips, tailbone, shoulder blades, and elbows. Risk factors include immobility, poor nutrition, incontinence, certain medical conditions like diabetes and vascular disease, and advanced age due to thinner, less elastic skin.

The development of felfekvések is often staged. Stage 1 involves redness that does not disappear when pressure is relieved. Stage 2 shows partial thickness skin loss, appearing as a shallow open sore or blister. Stage 3 involves full thickness skin loss, with damage or death of subcutaneous tissue extending down to, but not through, the underlying fascia. Stage 4 is the most severe, presenting with full thickness tissue loss with exposed bone, tendon, or muscle.

Prevention is key and involves regular repositioning of individuals at risk, maintaining clean and dry skin, using specialized support surfaces like pressure-reducing mattresses or cushions, and ensuring adequate nutrition and hydration. Treatment depends on the stage but can include wound cleaning, debridement of dead tissue, dressing applications, and sometimes surgical intervention. Early detection and management are crucial to prevent complications such as infection.