Fangorgane

Fangorgane are specialized anatomical structures dedicated to the production and delivery of venom or noxious secretions through fangs or analogous mouthparts in venomous animals. The term is used across several animal groups, especially snakes, spiders, and some venomous lizards, to describe a functional unit that includes venom glands, ducts, and the structures that enable injection of venom during a bite or puncture.

In snakes, fangs are typically modified teeth on the upper jaw that act as conduits for venom from paired glands. Depending on the lineage, fangs can be fixed or hinged, and their delivery system is integrated with the bite mechanism to introduce venom into prey. In spiders, venom is produced in glands within the prosoma and delivered through hollow or grooved fangs formed by the chelicerae, often piercing the prey to inject venom.

In certain lizards of the Helodermatidae family (such as beaded lizards and Gila monsters), venom glands are located in the lower jaw, with grooved fangs designed to channel venom into a target during biting. Across groups, venom delivery can involve hollow channels or grooves, with the toxin transported from gland to target via a duct system and specialized fang or tooth structure.

Structure and function: Fangorgane typically comprise venom glands, ducts, and a delivery apparatus (fang or groove) that provides a conduit for toxin flow. Venom components commonly include proteins and peptides that disrupt neural or muscular function or tissue integrity, aiding prey immobilization and defense.

Development and evolution: The fang organ system has evolved multiple times, displaying variation in gland placement, fang architecture, and venom composition. Venom research informs pharmacology and medicine, while envenomation remains a medical concern requiring appropriate treatment.