Fachlehrkräfte

Fachlehrkräfte are teachers who specialize in a particular subject or vocational domain and teach it as a core component of their classes. In the German-speaking education system, the term is most commonly used for teachers at vocational schools (Berufsschulen) and upper secondary schools who deliver Fachunterricht (subject-specific instruction) in contrast to general classroom subjects. They play a central role in the dual training system by connecting classroom theory with practical work-based learning, often in collaboration with training companies.

In Berufsschulen, Fachlehrkräfte teach specialized subjects such as mathematics, language, or specific trades-related modules, and they prepare students for exams and for entry into apprenticeships and careers. They may work alongside other teacher groups such as general education teachers and skilled trainers who supervise on-the-job training. Their duties include curriculum planning within their subject area, developing teaching materials, conducting assessments, and supporting student transitions to the labor market or further vocational qualification.

Qualifications and career paths: Typically, Fachlehrkräfte hold a university degree in their subject and a state teaching qualification. In many Länder, professionals from industry can enter teaching through a Quereinstieg (career switch) path, followed by pedagogical training and state examinations to obtain the teaching license for Berufsschule or Fachunterricht. Ongoing professional development and subject-specific training are common.

Context and variation: The precise designation, responsibilities, and entry routes for Fachlehrkräfte vary across German states. The concept also exists in Austria and parts of Switzerland under similar terms. The role is regularly discussed in debates about staffing shortages and the quality of vocational education.