Extravasal

Extravasal refers to the condition or process involving the leakage or escape of fluids, typically intravenous drugs or fluids, from the blood vessel into the surrounding tissues. This phenomenon commonly occurs during intravenous therapy when the administered substance inadvertently exits the vein, often due to improper insertion, damaged veins, or vessel fragility.

Extravasal events can lead to localized tissue damage, swelling, pain, and in some cases, tissue necrosis depending on the nature of the leaked substance. Certain drugs, such as chemotherapy agents, are particularly associated with extravasal extravasation because they are cytotoxic and can cause severe tissue injury if they escape the vascular system.

Prevention of extravasal incidents involves careful vein selection, proper insertion technique, and securement of IV lines. Monitoring the IV site regularly for signs of leakage, such as swelling or pain, is essential for early detection and management.

Management of extravasal leakage depends on the type and amount of substance extravasated. Immediate actions may include stopping the infusion, aspirating any residual drug through the IV line, and applying local treatments such as ice packs or antidotes specific to the drug involved. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to address tissue damage.

Overall, extravasal is a relevant term in medical practice, particularly in intravenous therapy, where vigilance and prompt response are vital to prevent serious complications stemming from vascular leakage.