Excisiós

Excisiós, often referred to as excision, is the surgical removal of tissue from the body by cutting around or through it, typically to remove a lesion, tumor, or diseased tissue and to obtain a specimen for histopathology. The goal is complete removal with adequate margins to minimize the risk of recurrence. Indications include diagnostic biopsy when pathology is needed to determine benign versus malignant nature, treatment of benign lesions causing symptoms or cosmetic concerns, and treatment of suspected cancers where complete excision provides definitive therapy or staging.

The procedure is usually performed under local anesthesia, sometimes with sedation or general anesthesia. The surgeon marks a margin around the lesion, makes an incision, and removes the lesion with a rim of surrounding tissue. The specimen is sent to pathology. The wound is closed with sutures; larger defects may require reconstructive techniques or grafts. Alternative approaches include punch or shave biopsies, which are less invasive, and Mohs micrographic surgery for certain skin cancers, which evaluates margins during surgery.

Risks include bleeding, infection, scarring, changes in sensation, and incomplete margins with potential recurrence. Recovery depends on the location and size; sutures may be removed after several days to a couple of weeks, and activity may be restricted.

Outcomes are generally favorable for benign lesions and many skin cancers when performed with appropriate margins and pathology review. The choice of excisional technique depends on lesion size, location, and suspicion of malignancy.