Evictions

Eviction is the legal process by which a landlord seeks to remove a tenant from rental property. It typically follows a lease violation or nonpayment of rent, but may also occur when the lease ends or the landlord has lawful grounds to reclaim the premises. In most jurisdictions, evictions are regulated to protect tenants; self-help removals (such as changing locks or removing belongings) are generally illegal, and landlords must obtain a court order.

The process usually begins with a formal eviction notice, such as a pay-or-quit or cure-or-quit notice, specifying the required action and deadline. If the tenant does not comply, the landlord files a complaint in court. After a hearing, a judge may issue a judgment of possession. If needed, law enforcement can execute a writ of possession to regain control of the property.

Grounds for eviction vary by jurisdiction but commonly include nonpayment of rent, breach of lease terms, illegal activity on the premises, or the landlord’s decision to reclaim the property after the term ends. Tenants may contest the action, seek exemptions, or negotiate a settlement. Protections exist against retaliatory evictions and discrimination; some regions impose limits on eviction timelines or require just cause for certain rentals. Housing courts, mediation programs, and legal aid services help tenants and landlords navigate the process.

Evictions can have significant consequences for tenants, including housing instability, effects on credit, and relocation costs, while landlords regain possession and may recover unpaid rent. Preventive measures include clear lease terms, proper notice practices, tenant screening, rent assistance programs, affordable housing options, and mediation to resolve disputes before filing.