Eutrofizálni

Eutrofizálni is a term used in ecology to describe the process by which a body of water becomes enriched with nutrients, primarily phosphorus and nitrogen. This enrichment leads to an increase in the growth of algae and other aquatic plants. While eutrophication is a natural process that occurs over long periods, human activities have significantly accelerated it, a phenomenon known as cultural eutrophication.

The primary sources of excess nutrients from human activities include agricultural runoff containing fertilizers and animal waste, sewage and wastewater discharges, and industrial emissions. When these nutrients enter a water body, they stimulate rapid algal blooms. As these algae die and decompose, bacteria consume large amounts of dissolved oxygen in the water. This depletion of oxygen, known as hypoxia or anoxia, can create "dead zones" where fish and other aquatic organisms cannot survive.

Consequences of eutrophication include decreased water clarity, loss of submerged aquatic vegetation, altered species composition, and potential impacts on drinking water sources. In some cases, certain types of algae can produce toxins harmful to wildlife and humans. Managing eutrophication involves reducing nutrient inputs through improved wastewater treatment, sustainable agricultural practices, and controlling urban runoff.