Erithacus

Erithacus is a genus of small passerine birds in the family Muscicapidae. The genus was established by Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century. Members are commonly referred to as robins and are generally small insectivores related to thrushes; their taxonomic placement has shifted over time, with some authorities placing Erithacus in Turdidae and others in Muscicapidae. In recent classifications, molecular evidence has led to rearrangements and the inclusion or separation of several species into related genera such as Larvivora or Luscinia.

The best-known species is the European robin, Erithacus rubecula, distributed across Europe and parts of western Asia. The genus also contains other small robin-like birds, but the circumscriptions vary among authorities; as a result, some populations previously placed in Erithacus have been reassigned to Lar vivora or other genera in modern checklists.

Description: Birds in the genus are small, with a stout build and a short bill. Adult plumage often features a contrasting orange or rufous wash on the face and throat in robins, while others are brown above with pale underparts. Juveniles are typically duller.

Behavior and ecology: They are ground foragers that feed on invertebrates and berries, especially in gardens and woodlands. They are territorial and vocal, with males singing to defend a territory, particularly during the breeding season. Nesting takes place in shrubs or low hedges, with cup-shaped nests and several eggs per brood.

Distribution and habitat: Erithacus species are found in Europe and Asia, with habitats including woodlands, hedges, scrub, and human-modified landscapes. Conservation status is generally of Least Concern, though local populations can decline with habitat loss.