Eraldussüsteem

Eraldussüsteem is an Estonian term for an isolation system—a framework of hardware, software, rules, and procedures designed to keep different elements separate to prevent interference, cross-contamination, or unauthorized access. It can be physical, logical, or procedural in nature and is used in industries such as manufacturing, healthcare, information technology, and transport.

Key concepts include barriers, segmentation, and controlled interfaces. Physical isolation uses physical separation and redundant barriers to limit interactions between zones. Logical isolation employs techniques such as network segmentation, sandboxing, and access-control policies to keep data and processes separate within shared infrastructure. Procedural isolation relies on policies, training, and workflows to maintain separation.

Typical applications include protecting sensitive processes in chemical or nuclear facilities; preventing the spread of infection in hospitals; limiting cross-system access in IT environments through segmented networks and isolated environments; and securing critical infrastructure where even limited contact could create risk.

Benefits include enhanced safety, better risk management, and improved compliance. Challenges involve higher costs, greater operational complexity, and the need for careful configuration and ongoing monitoring to avoid gaps or accidental bypass.

In practice, Eraldussüsteem designs are tailored to risk assessments and regulatory requirements, often involving multiple layers of barriers, redundancy, and monitoring. Related concepts include physical safety systems, information-security isolation, and process isolation in industrial automation.