Endozoochori

Endozoochori is a form of seed dispersal where seeds are dispersed by animals after passing through their digestive tract. This process is a crucial mechanism for the spread of many plant species, particularly in diverse ecosystems. Animals consume fruits or seeds, and the seeds are then either physically or physiologically altered during their passage through the digestive system. This alteration can include scarification, which weakens the seed coat and facilitates germination, or breaking dormancy.

The animal then excretes the seeds, often in a location far from the parent plant, providing a new opportunity for colonization. The seeds are typically deposited within a nutrient-rich fecal package, which can further aid in their establishment and growth. The effectiveness of endozoochory depends on several factors, including the type of animal, the plant species, and the habitat. Large frugivores, such as birds and mammals, are often significant dispersers.

This dispersal method offers several advantages to plants. It allows them to escape competition with the parent plant, colonize new habitats, and maintain genetic diversity through the mixing of seeds from different individuals. For the animals, consuming fruits provides a food source, creating a mutualistic relationship where both species benefit. Endozoochory plays a vital role in shaping plant community structure and maintaining biodiversity across various landscapes.