Endozervikaldrüsen

Endozervikaldrüsen, also known as cervical glands, are mucus-secreting glands located within the endocervix, the inner lining of the cervix. These glands are simple tubular glands that extend from the basal layer of the endocervical epithelium deep into the cervical stroma. Their primary function is to produce cervical mucus, a substance that plays a crucial role in reproductive physiology.

The production and composition of cervical mucus vary significantly throughout the menstrual cycle, influenced by hormonal fluctuations, particularly estrogen and progesterone. During the fertile window, under the influence of estrogen, the mucus becomes thinner, more watery, and more alkaline, facilitating sperm transport into the uterus. Outside of this period, under the influence of progesterone, the mucus becomes thicker, more viscous, and more acidic, forming a plug that helps prevent the entry of bacteria and other pathogens into the uterine cavity.

Endozervikaldrüsen are responsible for the continuous production of this mucus, which also contributes to the lubrication of the vaginal canal. Changes in cervical mucus can be an indicator of ovulation and are often used in natural family planning methods. While generally benign, abnormalities in the endocervical glands can sometimes lead to conditions such as cervical polyps or can be involved in the development of certain cervical cancers, although these are typically associated with changes in the epithelial cells rather than the glands themselves. Regular gynecological check-ups are important for monitoring cervical health.