Endotheliumlined

Endotheliumlined describes surfaces or lumens that are covered by endothelium, the specialized simple squamous epithelium that lines the interior of blood vessels, lymphatic vessels, and certain cardiac structures. The term emphasizes the presence of an endothelial lining as a defining feature of the inner surface.

Endothelium lines a wide range of vessels and chambers, including arteries, veins, capillaries, and lymphatics, as well as the inner surfaces of the heart chambers (the endocardium) and, on the heart valves, portions of the valve surfaces. The endothelial monolayer forms a dynamic barrier that regulates vascular tone, permeability, and exchange between blood and surrounding tissues. It also modulates hemostasis and inflammation through the release of factors such as nitric oxide, prostacyclin, endothelins, and various enzymes, and by interacting with circulating cells and the glycocalyx lining the surface.

In health, the endothelium supports anti-thrombotic, anti-inflammatory states and maintains proper fluid balance. Endothelium-lined surfaces are often evaluated in histology and pathology to assess integrity, remodeling, or dysfunction. Endothelial health is a focus in cardiovascular research, as endothelial dysfunction is linked to conditions such as atherosclerosis, hypertension, thrombosis, and edema. In medical devices and tissue engineering, creating or preserving endothelium-lined channels is important for biocompatibility and long-term function.