Endotele

Endotele refers to the inner lining of blood vessels, specifically the endothelial cells that form a single layer within arteries, veins, and capillaries. This thin, continuous layer plays a critical role in maintaining vascular health and regulating various physiological processes. Endothelial cells act as a selective barrier, controlling the exchange of substances between the bloodstream and surrounding tissues while also secreting molecules that influence inflammation, coagulation, and vascular tone.

The endothelium contributes to vasodilation and vasoconstriction by producing substances such as nitric oxide (NO), prostacyclin, and endothelin-1. Nitric oxide, in particular, promotes smooth muscle relaxation, improving blood flow, while endothelin-1 constricts vessels. Endothelial dysfunction, characterized by impaired production of vasodilators or excessive vasoconstrictors, is linked to cardiovascular diseases, including hypertension, atherosclerosis, and diabetes.

Endotele also interacts with the immune system, preventing clot formation and modulating leukocyte adhesion. Damage to the endothelial layer, often due to hypertension, smoking, or high cholesterol, can lead to inflammation and plaque buildup, increasing the risk of cardiovascular events. Research into endothelial health has expanded the understanding of vascular biology and has led to therapeutic strategies targeting endothelial function, such as statins, ACE inhibitors, and lifestyle modifications.

In summary, the endotele is a vital component of the circulatory system, regulating blood flow, inflammation, and coagulation while maintaining overall vascular integrity. Its dysfunction underscores the importance of cardiovascular health in preventing chronic diseases.