Endosseösa

Endosseösa implants, often referred to as endosseous implants, are dental implants placed within the jawbone to serve as an artificial root for a dental prosthesis. The term endosseösa is used in some languages to refer to these implants. They are distinguished from subperiosteal implants, which sit on the bone surface under the periosteum, and from transosseous implants that pass through the bone.

Most endosseösa implants are made of titanium or titanium alloy, though zirconia is also used. They come in screw-type, cylinder-type, and conical designs, and may feature surface modifications—such as roughened textures or coatings—to enhance osseointegration, the process by which the implant integrates with living bone.

Osseointegration provides a stable interface that allows the implant to support functional loads over time. After placement, a healing period follows before a dental prosthesis is attached. In select cases, immediate or early loading is possible, depending on bone quality and initial stability.

Indications include replacement of a single tooth, support for dental bridges, and stabilization of removable overdentures. Contraindications include uncontrolled systemic conditions (for example, poorly controlled diabetes), inadequate bone volume or quality without augmentation, active infection, heavy smoking, and prior radiotherapy to the head and neck region.

The procedure involves planning with imaging, surgically placing the implant within the bone, and a healing period that may range from weeks to months. Complications can be mechanical (loss of integration, implant fracture) or biological (peri-implant mucositis, peri-implantitis, infection). Maintenance requires good oral hygiene and regular professional follow-up.

Historically, the concept of osseointegration and endosseous dental implants emerged in the mid-20th century, with pioneers such as Per-Ingvar Brånemark. Today, endosseösa implants have a high long-term success rate in appropriately selected patients.