Endoskoper

Endoskoper is a term used for endoscopic devices designed to provide visual access to internal organs and cavities with minimal invasion. Endoskop devices may be flexible or rigid and generally comprise an insertion tube, an optical system (fiber optics or digital camera), an illumination source, and a working channel for instruments or irrigation. Modern Endoskopers often integrate high-definition digital imaging and may support external display and documentation.

Applications include diagnostic examinations such as gastroscopy, colonoscopy, bronchoscopy, cystoscopy, and ENT endoscopy, as well as therapeutic interventions including biopsy, polypectomy, scraping, stent placement, and foreign-body removal. In surgical contexts, endoskopes are used for minimally invasive visualization in laparoscopic and arthroscopic procedures. Some Endoskopers are equipped with multiple channels and steering controls to navigate convoluted anatomy.

History and regulation: Endoskoper technology evolved from early rigid endoscopes to flexible fiberoptic and digital systems in the 20th century, enabling safer and more versatile procedures. Reprocessing and sterilization are critical, with standards for cleaning, disinfection, and high-level sterilization; single-use devices are increasingly adopted to reduce infection risk. Regulatory agencies provide clearance or approval for specific models and indications, and clinical guidelines govern best practices. The term may refer to a range of models from different manufacturers, and usage may vary by country and medical specialty.