Endokarditisz

Endokarditisz, also known as infective endocarditis, is an infection of the inner lining of the heart chambers and valves, known as the endocardium. This condition most commonly affects the heart valves but can also involve the mural endocardium or other structures within the heart.

The infection is typically caused by bacteria that enter the bloodstream and attach to damaged areas of the heart. Less commonly, fungi or other microorganisms can be responsible. Risk factors for developing endokarditisz include pre-existing heart valve abnormalities, congenital heart defects, prosthetic heart valves, a history of intravenous drug use, and certain medical procedures that can introduce bacteria into the bloodstream.

Symptoms of endokarditisz can vary and may develop gradually or suddenly. Common signs include fever, chills, fatigue, muscle and joint aches, night sweats, and shortness of breath. Heart murmurs, which are abnormal heart sounds, may also be detected during a physical examination. Complications can be serious and include heart valve damage leading to heart failure, stroke, and emboli (blood clots) that travel to other parts of the body.

Diagnosis typically involves blood cultures to identify the causative organism, echocardiography (ultrasound of the heart) to visualize vegetations (clumps of infection) on the valves, and other diagnostic tests. Treatment usually consists of a prolonged course of intravenous antibiotics. In some cases, surgical intervention may be necessary to repair or replace damaged heart valves. Prevention strategies include good oral hygiene, prophylactic antibiotics before certain dental or medical procedures for high-risk individuals, and avoiding intravenous drug use.