EndeffektorVerschiebungen

Endeffektor, in English end effector, is the device at the end of a robotic arm that interacts with the work environment to perform a task. It serves as the interface between the manipulator and the object, converting actuator energy into a specific physical action. Common end effectors include grippers, welding torches, cutting tools, soldering irons, suction cups, and magnetic grippers. The term also encompasses specialized tooling and sensing probes.

End effectors are selected based on the required payload, precision, speed, reach, and compatibility with the robot’s flange and control system. Grippers can be mechanical, pneumatic, or hydraulic, and may incorporate sensors such as force, torque, or tactile sensing to monitor grip, detect object presence, and provide feedback for control. Some tool ends are designed for quick changes to minimize downtime.

Integration considerations include mounting standards, tool wear, calibration, electrical and pneumatic interfaces, and safety interlocks. Standardized flange sizes and quick-change interfaces facilitate swapping tools across devices. Accurate alignment and calibration are important for repeatability and process quality.

Applications span industrial automation—pick-and-place, packaging, and assembly—as well as machining, welding, additive manufacturing, medical robotics, and laboratory automation. Ongoing developments in modular end effectors, soft robotics, and advanced sensing expand the range of tasks that end effectors can perform while improving safety and reliability.