Emetisk

Emetisk, or emetic, refers to a substance or agent that induces vomiting. In clinical toxicology and emergency medicine, emetics have historically been used to remove ingested poisons when rapid decontamination is needed and there are no contraindications. They work by activating the body's vomiting reflex, either by stimulating the chemoreceptor trigger zone in the brain or by irritating the gastric mucosa.

Historically, ipecac syrup was a common household emetic, but its use has declined because its effectiveness is unpredictable and it can cause harm, including aspiration. Pharmaceutical emetics are more commonly used in veterinary medicine; for example, apomorphine is used to induce vomiting in dogs. In human medicine, routine use of emetics is no longer recommended, and treatment focuses on safer decontamination methods, such as activated charcoal, when appropriate.

Safety and limitations are central to the use of emetics. Inducing vomiting is not advised after ingestion of caustic substances (strong acids or alkalis), petroleum products, or hydrocarbons, and it is contraindicated if the patient is unconscious, seizing, or at risk of airway compromise because vomiting can lead to aspiration and additional injury. The decision to use an emetic should be guided by a healthcare professional or poison-control center, taking into account the substance involved, time since ingestion, and the patient’s condition.

In summary, an emetic is any agent that causes vomiting, used only under professional guidance in modern practice, with emphasis on safer decontamination methods and supportive care. See also: emetic, poisoning, toxicology, first aid.