Embroiders

Embroiders are artisans who decorate fabric by applying stitches with a needle and thread. The term can refer to both individuals who work by hand and craftsmen who manage machine embroidery. They may produce decorative motifs on clothing, textiles, and ceremonial or artistic pieces, or contribute to restoration projects that preserve historical fabrics.

Historically, embroidery has appeared in many cultures, with evidence from ancient Egypt, China, and Persia. In Europe, medieval ecclesiastical and court textiles showcased elaborate needlework, while Asian traditions developed distinct styles such as Chinese su embroidery, Japanese sashiko, and Indian zardozi. The rise of machine embroidery in the 19th and 20th centuries broadened production, though hand embroidery remains valued for detail and artistry.

Techniques span counted-thread work (such as cross-stitch and blackwork) and surface embroidery (satin stitch, chain stitch, lazy daisy). Materials include cotton, silk, linen, and metallic threads, along with beads, sequins, and appliqué. Tools comprise needles, embroidery hoops or frames, scissors, and stabilizers. Designers may transfer patterns via tracing or digital embroidery files for machine work.

Modern embroiders work in fashion studios, textile ateliers, costume departments, and conservation laboratories. Some specialize in traditional regional styles; others practice contemporary art embroidery or provide custom hand-embroidery services. Machine embroidery has expanded capacity and access, but many projects rely on hand stitching for texture and preservation.

The craft continues to be culturally significant in many regions and participates in the contemporary maker movement, fashion, and textile art. Education and guilds offer training, and communities share designs and techniques online, helping preserve techniques while encouraging innovation.