Embolisiin

Embolisiin is not a widely recognized term in English-language medical literature. It may occur as a Finnish inflected form related to embolismi (embolism) or embolisoida (to embolize). Accordingly, this entry outlines the related English concepts of embolism and embolization.

Embolism refers to the obstruction of a blood vessel by an embolus—a particle that travels through the circulation from another location. Emboli can be thrombi (clots), fat, air, tumor fragments, or septic material. Embolization is the occlusion of a vessel, which can be spontaneous or intentional as a therapeutic procedure (endovascular embolization) used to control bleeding or to treat vascular malformations.

Common clinical situations include pulmonary embolism, where a blockage in the pulmonary arteries often originates from a deep vein thrombosis in the legs, causing chest pain and shortness of breath; cerebral embolism, which can cause stroke; and emboli to mesenteric, renal, or peripheral arteries, leading to tissue ischemia.

Diagnosis typically relies on imaging and laboratory tests. CT pulmonary angiography is standard for suspected pulmonary embolism; brain imaging is used for suspected cerebral embolism; and ultrasound may detect proximal deep vein thrombosis. D-dimer tests can support assessment but are not definitive on their own.

Treatment depends on the location and cause of the embolus. Anticoagulation is common for thromboembolic events, with thrombolysis or surgical embolectomy reserved for selected cases of large or life-threatening emboli. Endovascular embolization may be employed to treat bleeding, vascular malformations, or certain tumors. Prevention focuses on risk-factor management, prophylactic anticoagulation in high-risk settings, and prompt treatment of DVT or atrial fibrillation when present. Prognosis varies with embolus size, location, and underlying health.