Emboli

An embolus is a particle or mass that is transported through the bloodstream and can obstruct blood vessels when it becomes lodged in a vessel smaller than its size. Emboli can originate from a variety of sources, including blood clots, fat droplets, air bubbles, tumor cells, or other foreign substances. When an embolus blocks blood flow, it can lead to tissue ischemia, infarction, or other complications depending on the location and size of the blockage.

The most common type of embolus is a thromboembolus, which results from a blood clot that forms within a vessel or chamber of the heart and then dislodges. Pulmonary embolism, a blockage in the arteries of the lungs caused by thrombi originating from deep vein thrombosis, is a significant medical emergency. Arterial emboli can cause strokes or infarctions in organs such as the brain, kidneys, or spleen.

Diagnosis of embolism involves imaging techniques such as ultrasound, CT scans, or magnetic resonance imaging, alongside blood tests. Treatment aims to restore blood flow and prevent further emboli formation and may include anticoagulation, thrombolytic therapy, or surgical removal of the embolus.

Preventative measures include managing risk factors for thrombus formation, such as immobility, obesity, and clotting disorders. Understanding emboli is essential in acute care and in managing diseases related to blood flow obstruction. Their potential for rapid progression and severe outcomes makes prompt diagnosis and treatment crucial.