Elektrooculografia

Elektrooculografia, commonly abbreviated as EOG, is a technique used to measure the corneo-retinal standing potential that exists between the front and the back of the human eye. This potential is influenced by the position of the eye within the orbit. EOG is a non-invasive method that records the electrical activity generated by the movement of the eye, providing information about eye movements and their direction.

The EOG signal is typically recorded using electrodes placed around the eyes, with one electrode placed above and below the eye, and another pair placed to the left and right of the eye. The potential difference between these electrodes is then amplified and recorded. The resulting signal can be analyzed to determine the direction and velocity of eye movements.

EOG has several applications in clinical and research settings. It is commonly used in the diagnosis and treatment of eye movement disorders, such as nystagmus and strabismus. Additionally, EOG can be used to study cognitive processes, as eye movements are often correlated with attention, perception, and memory. In research, EOG is also used to study the neural mechanisms underlying eye movements and to develop new methods for controlling assistive technologies.

While EOG is a useful tool for studying eye movements, it has some limitations. The signal can be contaminated by other electrical activity, such as electromyographic (EMG) activity from facial muscles, and can be affected by factors such as eye blinks and head movements. Additionally, EOG is not suitable for measuring rapid eye movements, such as those that occur during sleep.

In summary, elektrooculografia is a non-invasive technique for measuring the electrical activity generated by eye movements. It has a wide range of applications in clinical and research settings, but also has some limitations.