Elektroencefalogrammi

Elektroencefalogrammi, commonly abbreviated as EEG, is a non-invasive neurophysiological monitoring method used to record the electrical activity of the brain. It involves placing small metal discs, called electrodes, on the scalp at specific locations. These electrodes detect the tiny electrical impulses generated by brain cells, or neurons, as they communicate with each other. The signals are then amplified and recorded by a computer, which displays them as wavy lines on a screen or as a printout.

The primary use of EEG is in the diagnosis and monitoring of neurological disorders, particularly epilepsy. It can identify abnormal electrical patterns that are characteristic of seizures, even when they are not occurring at the time of the test. EEG is also used to evaluate other brain conditions such as sleep disorders, brain tumors, strokes, and encephalopathies. In some cases, it can help assess brain function in individuals who are unconscious or in a coma.

The procedure is generally painless and safe. Patients typically sit or lie down comfortably while the electrodes are attached, often using a special paste or gel to ensure good contact. The recording process can last from 20 minutes to several hours, and sometimes longer for sleep studies. During the recording, patients may be asked to perform certain actions like opening and closing their eyes, breathing deeply, or looking at flashing lights, which can help elicit specific brainwave patterns. The interpretation of EEG results requires specialized training, as various factors can influence the recorded brain activity.