Electrodesiccation

Electrodesiccation is a mode of electrosurgery in which high-frequency electrical current is applied through tissue via an active electrode in direct contact with the target area. The tissue’s resistance converts electrical energy into heat, causing rapid drying (desiccation) and coagulation of intracellular water. The effect is typically superficial to moderately deep, often producing a charred or desiccated eschar at the treated site. Compared with cutting modes, electrodesiccation emphasizes tissue dehydration and coagulation rather than precise incision.

The procedure uses standard electrosurgical equipment: a generator that delivers high-frequency alternating current, an active electrode that contacts the tissue, and a dispersive or return electrode placed on a distant, well-vascularized area to complete the circuit. Settings vary by device and indication, but electrodesiccation generally employs continuous or long-pulse energy to maintain heat at the tissue surface. Depth and extent of injury are influenced by electrode type, power level, duration of contact, and tissue impedance. Excessive application can lead to deeper injury and carbonization.

Common applications include minor surgical procedures and dermatologic treatments, such as removal of superficial skin lesions (e.g., warts, seborrheic keratoses) and management of superficial mucosal or granulating tissue. It is also used for rapid hemostasis of minor bleeds. Limitations include the potential for collateral tissue damage, scarring, and infection; depth control can be difficult, and it is less suitable for deep or bulky lesions. Safety considerations include proper grounding, sterile technique, and avoidance near flammable materials or oxygen therapy.