Elastan

Elastane, also known as elastan in several languages, is a synthetic fiber recognized for its exceptional elasticity. It is a segmented polyurethane fiber, produced by linking hard diisocyanate segments with flexible polyether or polyester soft segments. The resulting polymer can stretch many times its original length and recover quickly, giving fabrics a high degree of stretch and comfort.

Chemical and production aspects: Elastane is typically produced as a thin, continuous filament or as microfibers. It is often used in blends with other fibers such as cotton, polyester, wool, or nylon to impart stretch while maintaining the desired hand, texture, and strength of the base fiber. Common elastane contents in textiles range from about 2% to 5%, depending on the performance requirements of the fabric.

Properties and performance: Key characteristics include high elongation (often 400–700% or more) and excellent recovery after deformation. Elastane provides shape retention, improved fit, and ease of movement. It generally offers good abrasion resistance and resistance to body oils and perspiration. However, it is sensitive to high temperatures, chlorine (as in swimming pools), and prolonged exposure to sunlight, which can reduce elasticity over time. Careful washing and drying practices help preserve its properties.

Uses and applications: Elastane is widely used in apparel, especially in activewear, underwear, swimwear, hosiery, and sports garments. It is typically blended with other fibers to achieve a balance of stretch, softness, durability, and cost. It can also appear in medical textiles and certain industrial fabrics.

History and branding: Elastane was developed in the mid-20th century and first commercialized in the late 1950s under brand names such as Lycra. Since then, it has become a standard component in many stretch fabrics worldwide.

Environmental and safety notes: Elastane is not readily biodegradable and is produced from petrochemical feedstocks. Recycling options are limited, and disposal primarily follows standard textile waste streams. It is considered non-toxic for wear, though rare skin sensitivities can occur.