EUohjelmat

EUohjelmat refer to the set of funding programs financed by the European Union budget to support policy objectives across member states and regions. They are typically structured within multiannual financial frameworks (MFFs), with recent cycles covering 2021–2027 and accompanying temporary measures such as NextGenerationEU. The programs span a wide range of areas, including research and innovation (Horizon Europe), education and mobility (Erasmus+), regional development and cohesion (the European Structural and Investment Funds: ERDF, ESF+, and the Cohesion Fund), rural development (European Agricultural Fund for Rural Development, EAFRD), and environment and climate protection (LIFE), as well as external action and investment instruments (such as InvestEU).

Funding and governance

EU programs are financed from the EU budget and implemented through a mix of grants, subsidies, and financial instruments. Implementation is carried out by the European Commission in cooperation with national and regional authorities acting as managing authorities and intermediaries. Calls for proposals are published publicly, and beneficiaries including public bodies, universities, businesses, and non-governmental organizations can apply. Program performance is monitored with predefined indicators, and audits and evaluations are conducted by bodies such as the European Court of Auditors. Oversight is provided by the European Parliament and the Council, and results are reported to citizens.

Objectives and impact

The aims of EU programs include promoting economic, social, and territorial cohesion; supporting research and innovation; enhancing education and skills; and advancing climate and environmental goals. While they have contributed to modernization and development in many regions, they are often criticized for complexity, administrative burden, and uneven uptake among member states. See also: multiannual financial framework, Horizon Europe, Erasmus+, ERDF, ESF+.