Dünnschalensysteme

Dünnschalensysteme are structural systems characterized by their thin, shell-like geometry, which enables them to carry loads primarily through membrane stresses rather than bending. This efficient distribution of forces allows for the creation of lightweight yet strong structures that can span large distances. Common forms include domes, vaults, and hyperbolic paraboloids, though many other shapes are possible. The thinness of the shell is relative to its span and curvature; they are typically significantly thinner than conventional beams or slabs.

The design of Dünnschalensysteme relies on a deep understanding of structural mechanics, particularly the behavior of curved surfaces under load. Their stability is often derived from their geometry, which naturally directs forces along the surface. This can make them susceptible to buckling under certain conditions, requiring careful analysis and design considerations. Materials commonly used include reinforced concrete, steel, and composites. Historically, these systems have been employed in a wide range of applications, from architectural marvels like the Sydney Opera House to industrial structures like storage silos and aircraft hangars, demonstrating their versatility and effectiveness in spanning significant open spaces with minimal internal support.