Ductworks

Ductworks refers to the network of passages that transport air in heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning (HVAC) systems, as well as exhaust and ventilating ducting in other settings. It comprises ducts, fittings, dampers, registers, grilles, insulation, and supporting structures. Ductwork distributes conditioned air to occupied spaces, returns air to the equipment, and helps with exhaust in kitchens, laboratories, and industrial facilities. The design and condition of ductworks influence comfort, air quality, energy use, and safety.

Materials commonly used for ducts include galvanized steel, aluminum, stainless steel, and insulated fiberglass or mineral fiber linings. Ducts can be rectangular or round; round ducts typically offer lower friction and pressure losses but may be less convenient to install in tight spaces. Joints and seams are sealed with mastic, foil tape, or sealant to minimize air leakage, while insulation reduces heat transfer and condensation on cold surfaces. Fire-rated assemblies are used in appropriate locations to maintain compartmentalization.

Design and installation follow standards from organizations such as SMACNA and applicable local codes. Proper sizing, routing, and the use of appropriate fittings reduce pressure losses and noise. Balancing dampers and diffusers ensure even air distribution and comfort. Fire and smoke safety considerations include fire dampers where ducts penetrate rated barriers and adherence to building fire codes. Ductwork is often tested for leakage and sometimes for insulation effectiveness after installation.

Maintenance involves periodic inspection, cleaning to remove dust and mold, checking seals and insulation, and verifying damper operation. Leaky, poorly insulated, or damaged ductwork can reduce energy efficiency, degrade indoor air quality, and cause temperature inconsistencies. Regular care helps preserve system performance and safety.