Druckfeste

Druckfeste describes the ability of a material to withstand compressive loads or internal pressure without undergoing unacceptable deformation or failure. In German technical usage, the term is used as an adjective (druckfest) and as a noun form (Druckfestigkeit) to express how well a substance resists being crushed under load. It is a key consideration in areas such as construction, mechanical engineering, packaging, and pressure vessels.

Druckfestigkeit, or compressive strength, is usually expressed in units of megapascals (MPa) or N/mm². It is determined by compressive tests using a universal testing machine on specimens such as cubes or cylinders for concrete, or by uniaxial compression tests for metals and polymers. Standardized methods exist across industries to ensure consistent comparison between materials and products.

Materials vary in their Druckfestigkeit. Metals and ceramics can exhibit high compressive strength, while many concretes are prized for their axial load resistance. Polymers and composites can be formulated or treated to achieve high compressive strength, often in combination with other properties like impact resistance or elasticity. In design, Druckfestigkeit is considered alongside properties such as tensile strength, toughness, and thermal stability.

Applications and limitations: Druckfestigkeit is critical for load-bearing structures, pressure vessels, and components exposed to compression. However, high compressive strength does not guarantee overall durability; failure modes such as buckling, crushing, or brittle fracture depend on geometry, loading type, temperature, and environmental conditions. Materials must be selected and designed to balance all relevant mechanical properties for their intended service.