Dresslerszindróma

Dresslerszindróma, also known as post-myocardial infarction syndrome or post-cardiac injury syndrome, is a complication that can occur after a myocardial infarction (heart attack) or cardiac surgery. It is a form of pericarditis, an inflammation of the pericardium, the sac-like membrane surrounding the heart.

The syndrome typically develops several weeks to months after the initial cardiac event, though it can manifest earlier or later. The exact cause is not fully understood, but it is believed to be an autoimmune response. The damaged heart tissue releases inflammatory substances, triggering the immune system to attack the pericardium.

Symptoms of Dresslerszindróma can vary but often include chest pain that may worsen with breathing or lying down and improve with sitting up and leaning forward. Fever, fatigue, shortness of breath, and a general feeling of being unwell are also common. Some individuals may experience joint pain or swelling.

Diagnosis is usually made based on clinical presentation, medical history, and exclusion of other causes of chest pain and fever. Electrocardiogram (ECG) changes may show signs of pericarditis, and imaging such as echocardiography might reveal pericardial effusion, an accumulation of fluid in the pericardial sac. Blood tests may show elevated inflammatory markers.

Treatment aims to reduce inflammation and alleviate symptoms. Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) like ibuprofen are often the first line of treatment. In more severe cases or when NSAIDs are ineffective, corticosteroids may be prescribed. Rest is also an important component of management. Dresslerszindróma is generally a self-limiting condition, meaning it resolves on its own, though recurrences can happen.