Dorsch

Dorsch is the German common name for the Atlantic cod, Gadus morhua, a large demersal fish in the family Gadidae. It has a robust, elongated body, a brownish to greenish back, lighter flanks, and a chin barbel used to detect prey. Adults commonly measure about 60–100 cm, with individuals reaching up to around 2 meters in length and weighing several tens of kilograms.

Distribution and habitat: Atlantic cod occur in cold temperate waters of the North Atlantic, from the western Baltic and North Sea to Greenland, the Barents Sea, and along the eastern coast of North America. They are demersal, inhabiting the continental shelf and upper slopes, typically in depths of 20–500 meters. Juveniles often use estuaries or shallower coastal areas as nurseries. Their distribution and abundance are strongly influenced by water temperature, prey availability, and fishing pressure.

Biology: Cod are opportunistic predators that feed on a variety of crustaceans and small fish. Spawning usually takes place in winter to spring in relatively shallow, sheltered zones; eggs are pelagic and hatch into free-swimming larvae that join coastal nurseries before migrating to deeper waters as they mature.

Fisheries and conservation: Atlantic cod have supported extensive commercial fisheries for centuries. Intense fishing pressure in the late 20th century led to severe stock depletions in several regions, prompting quotas, seasonal closures, and rebuilding plans. The status of cod stocks remains regionally variable, with some populations rebuilding and others still depleted or recovering.

In culture and cuisine: Cod is valued for firm white flesh with a mild flavor and is used in a wide range of dishes. Salted and dried cod, known as bacalhau or bacalao, is central to several European culinary traditions.