Diverszifikációt

Diverszifikációt refers to the strategy of spreading investments across various asset classes, industries, and geographic regions to reduce overall risk. The core principle behind diversification is that different investments react differently to market events. By holding a mix of assets, a loss in one area may be offset by gains in another, thus smoothing out the overall return of a portfolio. This concept is often summarized by the adage, "Don't put all your eggs in one basket."

The goal of diversification is not necessarily to maximize returns, but to achieve a more stable and predictable return profile. It is a fundamental tool in portfolio management, employed by both individual investors and large institutional funds. Common diversification strategies include investing in stocks, bonds, real estate, commodities, and alternative investments. Within these broad categories, further diversification can occur by sector (e.g., technology, healthcare, energy) or by company size (large-cap, mid-cap, small-cap). Geographic diversification involves investing in companies or markets outside of an investor's home country.

While diversification is a widely accepted risk management technique, it does not eliminate all risk. Market-wide events, often referred to as systematic risk, can affect all asset classes to some degree. However, diversification can significantly mitigate unsystematic risk, which is specific to individual companies or industries. The optimal level of diversification depends on an investor's risk tolerance, time horizon, and financial goals.