Dissociality

Dissociality refers to a pattern of behavior characterized by a disregard for and violation of the rights of others. It is a central feature of antisocial personality disorder (ASPD) as defined in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM). Individuals exhibiting dissociality may display behaviors such as deceitfulness, impulsivity, aggressiveness, reckless disregard for the safety of themselves or others, and a consistent irresponsibility in work or financial matters. They often exhibit a lack of empathy and remorse for their actions, and may be manipulative or exploit others for personal gain.

The origins of dissociality are believed to be multifactorial, involving a complex interplay of genetic predispositions and environmental influences. Factors such as childhood trauma, abuse, neglect, and inconsistent parenting have been identified as potential contributors. Neurobiological factors, including differences in brain structure and function, particularly in areas associated with emotion regulation and impulse control, may also play a role.

Diagnosing dissociality, typically as part of ASPD, requires a pervasive pattern of disregard for and violation of the rights of others, beginning by age 15 years and evidenced by at least three of the following criteria: failure to conform to social norms with respect to lawful behaviors, deceitfulness, impulsivity or failure of planning, irritability and aggressiveness, reckless disregard for safety of self or others, consistent irresponsibility, and lack of remorse. The diagnosis can only be made in individuals 18 years of age or older. Treatment for dissociality is challenging, as individuals often lack insight into their behavior and may not seek help voluntarily. When treatment is undertaken, it often involves psychotherapy, such as dialectical behavior therapy or cognitive behavioral therapy, aimed at managing impulsive behavior, developing empathy, and improving interpersonal skills.