Diosmin

Diosmin is a flavone glycoside used as a vascular-protective agent. It is the glycoside form of the flavone diosmetin linked to the disaccharide rutinose. Diosmin occurs naturally in citrus fruits, particularly in citrus peels, and is produced for pharmaceutical use.

Medical use and administration: In many countries, diosmin is prescribed for chronic venous insufficiency and hemorrhoidal disease. It is commonly formulated in combination with hesperidin and sold under brand names such as Daflon. The combination is described as a venotonic that improves venous tone, reduces capillary permeability and fragility, and enhances lymphatic drainage, thereby alleviating edema, heaviness, and other venous symptoms.

Pharmacology and mechanism of action: After oral intake, diosmin is metabolized to its aglycone diosmetin and undergoes further conjugation in the body. Its effects on the vasculature include stabilization of capillary walls, reduction of plasma leakage, and anti-inflammatory actions, such as decreased leukocyte activation and inflammatory mediator activity. These actions contribute to improved venous return and reduced edema.

Safety and regulatory status: Diosmin is generally well tolerated; reported adverse effects are usually mild and may include gastrointestinal upset, headache, or rare allergic reactions. Safety in pregnancy and lactation is not well established. Regulatory status varies by country: in many regions it is prescribed as a venotonic, often in combination with hesperidin, while in the United States it is more commonly available as a dietary supplement rather than an FDA-approved drug.