Diosmectite

Diosmectite is an oral intestinal adsorbent composed of hydrated aluminum- and magnesium-silicate minerals of the montmorillonite group. It is a natural clay-based preparation used to treat gastrointestinal symptoms, particularly those associated with diarrhea.

The mechanism of action involves adsorption of water, toxins, bacteria, and viruses, along with the formation of a gelatinous layer that coats the intestinal mucosa. This coating is thought to protect the mucosa, reduce irritation, and help normalize stool consistency and frequency. As an adsorbent, diosmectite can also bind irritants and reduce their contact with the intestinal lining.

Indications for diosmectite include acute diarrhea in adults and children, often as an adjunct to oral rehydration therapy. It is used in some settings for traveler's diarrhea and mild gastroenteritis. It is generally considered a symptomatic treatment rather than a cure, and it may be used as part of a broader management plan.

Administration is oral, typically as a suspension or prepared formulation obtained by mixing powder with water. Dosing depends on age and product formulation. To avoid reduced absorption of other medicines, diosmectite should be taken at least two hours before or after other oral drugs.

Safety and tolerability are generally favorable. Common adverse effects include constipation, abdominal discomfort, or nausea. Serious reactions are rare. Contraindications include known allergy to the product and conditions such as intestinal obstruction or perforation. It should be used with caution in severely dehydrated patients or when gut integrity is compromised.