Diabète

Diabète is a chronic medical condition characterized by elevated levels of glucose in the blood. This occurs because the body either does not produce enough insulin, a hormone that regulates blood sugar, or because the cells do not respond properly to insulin. Insulin is essential for allowing glucose from the bloodstream to enter cells for energy.

There are several types of diabetes. Type 1 diabetes is an autoimmune disease where the body's immune system attacks and destroys the insulin-producing cells in the pancreas. This typically develops in childhood or adolescence and requires lifelong insulin therapy. Type 2 diabetes is the most common form, accounting for about 90-95% of all cases. In type 2 diabetes, the body becomes resistant to insulin, and over time, the pancreas may not be able to produce enough insulin to keep blood glucose levels normal. It is often associated with lifestyle factors such as obesity and lack of physical activity, and typically develops in adulthood. Gestational diabetes is a type of diabetes that occurs during pregnancy and usually resolves after the baby is born, although it increases the risk of type 2 diabetes for both mother and child later in life.

Symptoms of diabetes can vary but often include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, increased hunger, fatigue, blurred vision, and slow-healing sores. Long-term complications of uncontrolled diabetes can affect various organs, including the heart, blood vessels, eyes, kidneys, and nerves, potentially leading to heart disease, stroke, blindness, kidney failure, and nerve damage. Diagnosis is typically made through blood glucose tests. Management strategies include lifestyle modifications such as diet and exercise, medication (including oral drugs or insulin injections), and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels.