Dermatoskopii

Dermatoskopii, also known as dermatoscopy or dermoscopy, is a noninvasive imaging technique used in dermatology to examine skin lesions with enhanced visualization of subsurface structures. A dermatoscope provides magnification and illumination, allowing observation of features such as pigment networks, dots, globules, streaks and vascular patterns that are not easily seen with the naked eye. Digital dermoscopy enables image capture, storage and follow-up, and supports teledermatology.

The technique can be performed in several modes. Non-polarized dermoscopy in contact mode uses a coupling fluid or gel to reduce surface glare, highlighting superficial features, while polarized dermoscopy can be used in non-contact mode to visualize deeper structures. Combined approaches and smartphone-adapted devices have expanded accessibility. The method is used on pigmented and non-pigmented lesions, and can aid assessment of inflammatory, infectious and hair-related dermatoses through related imaging approaches such as trichoscopy.

Dermatoscopy supports multiple diagnostic frameworks, including pattern analysis of global lesion architecture, the ABCD rule, the seven-point checklist and Menzies scoring. These tools help distinguish malignant melanoma from benign nevi and other lesions, guide biopsy decisions, and monitor changes over time.

Benefits of dermatoscopy include improved diagnostic accuracy for pigmented lesions and reduced unnecessary biopsies, as well as the possibility of earlier melanoma detection. Limitations include the need for formal training and experience, interobserver variability, and the fact that no single image is definitive; some lesions exhibit overlapping features. While dermatoscopy is a valuable adjunct, biopsy and histopathology remain the reference standard in uncertain cases.