Dentréesortie

Dentréesortie, often abbreviated as E/S or I/O, refers to the communication exchange between an information processing system and the outside world. This can involve the transfer of data to or from a central processing unit (CPU) and external devices or peripherals. These external devices can be hardware components such as keyboards, mice, printers, scanners, displays, hard drives, or network interfaces, as well as software entities.

The process of entréesortie involves input operations, where data is received from an external source, and output operations, where data is sent to an external destination. For example, when a user types on a keyboard, that is an input operation. When a document is printed, that is an output operation. Modern computer systems manage a vast array of entréesortie devices, and efficient handling of these operations is crucial for overall system performance.

Operating systems play a vital role in managing entréesortie operations. They abstract the complexities of hardware interaction, providing a consistent interface for applications to access entréesortie devices. This abstraction allows developers to write programs without needing to know the specific details of each hardware component. Techniques like buffering and caching are employed to optimize entréesortie performance by reducing the number of direct hardware accesses. Interrupts are a common mechanism used by hardware to signal to the CPU that an entréesortie operation has been completed or requires attention.