Darián

Darién is a geographic region in eastern Panama, most closely associated with Darién Province and the surrounding area. It is best known for the Darién National Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site that protects a vast tract of tropical rainforest and forms part of the Darién Gap, the rugged corridor along the Panama–Colombia border that interrupts most of the Pan-American Highway.

Geography and environment: The Darién encompasses lowland rainforest, mangrove habitats along the coast, and inland mountain ranges such as the Darién and Tacarcuna ranges. The region experiences heavy rainfall and high humidity, supporting a high level of biodiversity with many plant and animal species. The Darién Gap acts as a natural barrier to overland transport between Central and South America, helping to preserve the area’s ecological integrity.

People and culture: The region is home to Indigenous communities, notably the Embera and Wounaan (collectively sometimes called Emberá-Wounaan), who maintain traditional livelihoods including agriculture, fishing, and crafts. Spanish is widely spoken, and Emberá and Wounaan languages are spoken in many communities.

History and current status: The Darién name derives from the Darién region. In the late 17th century, the Darien scheme, an English attempt to establish a colony on the Isthmus of Panama, failed amid disease and supply problems. In modern times, Darién National Park was inscribed on the World Heritage List in 1981. Today the region remains relatively undeveloped due to challenging terrain, limited road access, and conservation priorities. Ecotourism, research, and sustainable forestry are among the main economic activities, while infrastructure varies by area.