Dapivirine

Dapivirine is a non-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor (NNRTI) used in the treatment of HIV. It was developed by the pharmaceutical company Gilead Sciences and was approved for use in the United States in 2012. Dapivirine is available in a once-daily oral tablet form and is often used in combination with other antiretroviral drugs to manage HIV infection.

The primary mechanism of action of dapivirine is to inhibit the reverse transcriptase enzyme, which is crucial for the replication of HIV. By blocking this enzyme, dapivirine prevents the virus from integrating its genetic material into the host cell's DNA, thereby halting the viral replication process.

Dapivirine is particularly notable for its use in the PrEP (Pre-Exposure Prophylaxis) regimen, where it is combined with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) to prevent HIV transmission in individuals at high risk of infection. This combination is known as Truvada, which has been widely used and recommended by health organizations for HIV prevention.

In addition to its use in HIV treatment and prevention, dapivirine has also been studied for its potential in treating other viral infections and cancer. However, its primary indication remains the management of HIV infection.

Dapivirine is generally well-tolerated, with common side effects including headache, nausea, and diarrhea. Serious side effects are rare but can include liver problems and allergic reactions. As with any medication, it is important to consult healthcare providers for proper evaluation and monitoring, especially when used in combination therapies.