DSWPD

DSWPD refers to Delayed Sleep and Wake Phase Disorder. It is a circadian rhythm sleep disorder characterized by a persistent pattern of sleep timing that is significantly delayed compared to societal norms or desired schedules. Individuals with DSWPD often have difficulty falling asleep at a conventional bedtime and consequently have trouble waking up at their required time. Their natural sleep-wake cycle operates on a later schedule, typically with sleep onset occurring several hours after midnight and waking occurring late in the morning or early afternoon.

This disorder is not a matter of poor sleep hygiene or a choice to stay up late. Instead, it stems from a misalignment between an individual's internal biological clock, or circadian rhythm, and the external environment. Factors such as genetics and light exposure can influence this internal clock. The consequences of DSWPD can include chronic sleep deprivation, daytime sleepiness, impaired cognitive function, mood disturbances, and difficulties with academic or occupational performance due to the mismatch between their natural sleep schedule and societal demands. Diagnosis usually involves a thorough sleep history, and sometimes a sleep study to rule out other sleep disorders. Treatment strategies often focus on gradually shifting the sleep-wake schedule and using light therapy, melatonin, or behavioral interventions to help realign the circadian rhythm.