Cyberharassment

Cyberharassment is the use of digital technologies to harass, threaten, or intimidate an individual or group. It entails a pattern of abusive behavior conducted through electronic communications or online platforms, often over time, and may include spreading harmful rumors, invasion of privacy, or sustained abusive contact. While some online criticism or harassment can be isolated, cyberharassment implies repeated conduct that targets a specific person or group.

Common forms include threats of violence, online stalking, impersonation, doxxing (publicizing private information), the non-consensual sharing of intimate images, persistent messaging, trolling, hate speech, and coordinated harassment campaigns. These behaviors can occur on social networks, messaging apps, forums, email, online gaming, and other digital spaces. Anonymity and cross-border reach can complicate attribution and response.

Impacts: Victims may experience fear, anxiety, depression, sleep disturbance, and reduced participation in online or offline activities; it can affect work, schooling, relationships, and safety. Some victims also face secondary harms such as doxxing-enabled harassment in real life or reputational damage.

Legal and policy responses: Legal frameworks vary by jurisdiction but commonly address harassment, stalking, threats, non-consensual intimate images, or doxxing, with civil remedies and criminal penalties. Digital platforms also maintain terms of service and reporting tools, enforcement actions, and safety features.

Prevention and response: Individuals can protect themselves with privacy settings, cautious sharing, two-factor authentication, careful evidence collection, and reporting to platforms and authorities. Organizations can implement incident response plans, user education, and supportive services for staff and students. Researchers study prevalence and impact, while policymakers seek harmonization across borders.