Curcumine

Curcumine, more commonly known as curcumin in English, is a natural polyphenolic compound found in turmeric, the dried rhizome of Curcuma longa. Curcumin is the principal curcuminoid and is largely responsible for the characteristic yellow color of turmeric.

Chemically, curcumin is a diarylhepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione (diketone) with two phenolic rings bearing methoxy and hydroxyl substituents. Its molecular formula is C21H20O6 and molecular weight about 368.38 g/mol. It is sparingly soluble in water and more soluble in organic solvents; it degrades in alkaline conditions.

Origin and production: Curcumin occurs in turmeric as a mixture with related compounds demethoxycurcumin and bisdemethoxycurcumin; it is extracted for use as a pigment and in dietary supplements.

Uses and pharmacology: Widely used as a dietary supplement; studied for anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antimicrobial properties. In humans, evidence for disease-modifying effects is inconclusive; data are mixed; bioavailability is poor due to limited absorption, rapid metabolism, and systemic elimination; approaches to improve absorption include co-administration with piperine, liposomal formulations, nanoparticles.

Safety and regulation: Generally recognized as safe for use in foods; high-dose supplements can cause GI symptoms; potential interactions with anticoagulants or diabetes medications; not approved as a drug; regulatory status varies by country.