Cuphea

Cuphea is a genus of flowering plants in the family Lythraceae, native to the Americas and comprising several hundred species of annuals and perennials that are widely grown as ornamentals for their long flowering season and tolerance of hot, dry conditions. The genus includes a range of forms from low-growing bedding plants to small shrubs, with leaves that are typically opposite and stems that bear tubular or funnel-shaped flowers in bright colors such as red, orange, pink, purple, and white.

Many Cuphea species bloom continuously from late spring through autumn in suitable climates. The flowers are often arranged in clusters along the stems, and several cultivated species have distinctive shapes, including two-lipped or elongated tubular corollas. Notable cultivated species include Cuphea ignea (the cigar plant), Cuphea hyssopifolia (Mexican heather), and Cuphea llavea (bat-faced cuphea).

Distribution and habitat: Cuphea species are widespread in tropical and subtropical regions of the Americas, with some representatives extending into temperate zones. They generally prefer sunny sites and well-drained soil. Some species tolerate drought and heat, while others require more moisture.

Cultivation and propagation: In temperate regions, Cuphea is typically grown as an annual, while in warm climates it can behave as a perennial. They prefer full sun and well-drained soil, with regular watering during growth and protection from freezing temperatures. They can be started from seeds or propagated by cuttings in spring or early summer.

Uses and ecology: Cuphea is popular for borders, containers, and rock gardens, offering long-lasting color and attractive nectar for hummingbirds and butterflies. Pests and diseases are usually limited but may include aphids, spider mites, and root rot in poorly drained soil.