Cukoranyagcsererendellenesség

Cukoranyagcsere-rendellenesség refers to a group of metabolic disorders characterized by abnormal regulation of blood glucose levels. The most common and well-known condition within this category is diabetes mellitus, which encompasses several subtypes. These disorders arise when the body either does not produce enough insulin, or the cells do not respond properly to insulin, a hormone essential for glucose uptake and utilization by the body's tissues.

The main types of diabetes mellitus include type 1 diabetes, an autoimmune condition where the pancreas is destroyed and produces little to no insulin, and type 2 diabetes, characterized by insulin resistance and a relative deficiency in insulin secretion. Gestational diabetes is another form that occurs during pregnancy.

Symptoms of cukoranyagcsere-rendellenesség can vary but often include increased thirst, frequent urination, unexplained weight loss, fatigue, and blurred vision. Chronic hyperglycemia, or persistently high blood sugar, can lead to serious long-term complications affecting the eyes, kidneys, nerves, and cardiovascular system.

Diagnosis typically involves blood glucose tests, such as fasting plasma glucose, oral glucose tolerance tests, and HbA1c levels. Management strategies depend on the type and severity of the disorder and may include lifestyle modifications like diet and exercise, oral medications, and insulin therapy. Regular monitoring of blood glucose is crucial for effective management and prevention of complications.