CounterUAS

Counter-UAS, or C-UAS, refers to the set of technologies, systems, and procedures designed to detect, identify, track, and mitigate unmanned aerial systems that threaten safety, security, or operate without authorization. C-UAS programs typically combine sensing, data fusion, and response mechanisms to reduce a drone’s effectiveness while minimizing risks to bystanders and infrastructure.

Core components include detection and identification, using radar, RF spectrum sensors, electro-optical/infrared cameras, and acoustic sensors; situational awareness and geolocation; and decision-making and command-and-control coordination. The interdiction phase may employ non-kinetic means such as geo-fencing, signal jamming or spoofing, and, in some contexts, kinetic options like nets or interceptors, all within applicable legal and safety constraints.

Typical deployments are at airports and other critical infrastructure, large public events, prisons, and military installations, as well as in law enforcement and disaster-response operations. Deployment often requires integration across multiple agencies and exploitations of shared data.

Regulation and policy considerations focus on aviation and communications laws, privacy protections, and safety requirements. Use of C-UAS generally requires appropriate authorization, licensing, or exemptions, and operators must consider the potential for collateral interference with legitimate drone operations and third-party systems.

Challenges include keeping pace with rapid drone technology, reducing false positives, ensuring interoperability among diverse sensors and platforms, and managing training and maintenance needs. Ethical and liability concerns, as well as cross-border legal differences, influence how C-UAS is researched, procured, and deployed. See also counter-drone and electronic warfare.