Coppertinsulfide

Coppertinsulfide is a chemical compound comprising copper, tin, and sulfur. The most commonly discussed composition is Cu2SnS3, often referred to as copper tin sulfide (CTS). It is studied as a p-type semiconductor and has attracted attention as a potential absorber material for thin‑film solar cells. CTS can form in several crystalline forms, and its structure often contains copper-related vacancies and other defects that influence its electrical and optical properties.

In terms of synthesis and occurrence, CTS can be prepared by direct solid‑state reaction of copper, tin, and sulfur at elevated temperatures, or by sulfurization of copper–tin precursors. It also arises in copper–tin–sulfur systems during solution-processed, vapor, or combination deposition methods used to create thin films. Nonstoichiometric compositions are common, and the material’s properties are highly sensitive to preparation conditions and crystal quality.

Properties of copper tin sulfide include semiconducting behavior with a band gap reported in the near-visible range, typically around 1.2 to 1.6 eV in various studies. Its electrical conductivity is strongly influenced by defects and nonstoichiometry, often yielding p-type behavior. CTS is chemically relatively stable in protective environments but can react with strong oxidizers or acids, and dust or powders should be handled with appropriate safety precautions.

Applications for CTS are primarily in research on inexpensive, earth‑abundant photovoltaic absorbers. It is often discussed alongside related copper chalcogenides and quaternary sulfide systems as a potential alternative or complement to other thin-film solar materials.

See also: copper sulfide, tin sulfide, kesterite, CZTS.