CZTS
CZTS refers to copper zinc tin sulfide, Cu2ZnSnS4, a quaternary chalcogenide semiconductor used primarily as an absorber layer in thin-film solar cells. It adopts a tetragonal kesterite crystal structure related to the stannite family, and its lattice can exhibit cation disorder among Cu, Zn, and Sn, which influences electronic properties. The material is composed of earth-abundant elements and is considered relatively non-toxic compared with some other PV materials.
The bandgap of CZTS in the sulfide form is around 1.5 eV, making it suitable for single-j-junction
Despite steady progress, CZTS-based devices face challenges that limit efficiency. Defect chemistry and disorder, particularly Cu/Zn